到达状态的密度可以帮助理解安全至关重要的系统的风险，尤其是在最坏情况下的情况过于保守的情况下。最近的工作提供了一种数据驱动的方法来计算自主系统在线前进状态的密度分布。在本文中，我们研究了这种方法与模型预测控制在不确定性下的可验证安全路径计划的结合。我们首先使用学习的密度分布来计算在线碰撞的风险。如果这种风险超过可接受的阈值，我们的方法将计划在先前轨迹周围采取新的途径，并在阈值以下碰撞风险。我们的方法非常适合处理具有不确定性和复杂动力学的系统，因为我们的数据驱动方法不需要系统动力学的分析形式，并且可以通过不确定性的任意初始分布来估算正向状态密度。我们设计了两个具有挑战性的场景（自动驾驶和气垫船控制），以在系统不确定性下的障碍物中进行安全运动计划。我们首先表明我们的密度估计方法可以达到与基于蒙特卡洛的方法相似的准确性，同时仅使用0.01倍训练样本。通过利用估计的风险，我们的算法在执行超过0.99的安全速率时达到目标达到最高成功率。

快速准确地检测该疾病可以大大帮助减少任何国家医疗机构对任何大流行期间死亡率降低死亡率的压力。这项工作的目的是使用新型的机器学习框架创建多模式系统，该框架同时使用胸部X射线（CXR）图像和临床数据来预测COVID-19患者的严重程度。此外，该研究还提出了一种基于nom图的评分技术，用于预测高危患者死亡的可能性。这项研究使用了25种生物标志物和CXR图像，以预测意大利第一波Covid-19（3月至6月2020年3月至6月）在930名Covid-19患者中的风险。提出的多模式堆叠技术分别产生了89.03％，90.44％和89.03％的精度，灵敏度和F1分数，以识别低风险或高危患者。与CXR图像或临床数据相比，这种多模式方法可提高准确性6％。最后，使用多元逻辑回归的列线图评分系统 - 用于对第一阶段确定的高风险患者的死亡风险进行分层。使用随机森林特征选择模型将乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），O2百分比，白细胞（WBC）计数，年龄和C反应蛋白（CRP）鉴定为有用的预测指标。开发了五个预测因素参数和基于CXR图像的列函数评分，以量化死亡的概率并将其分为两个风险组：分别存活（<50％）和死亡（> = 50％）。多模式技术能够预测F1评分为92.88％的高危患者的死亡概率。开发和验证队列曲线下的面积分别为0.981和0.939。

5G无线技术和社会经济转型的最新进展带来了传感器应用的范式转移。 Wi-Fi信号表明其时间变化与身体运动之间存在很强的相关性，可以利用这些变化来识别人类活动。在本文中，我们证明了基于时间尺度Wi-Fi通道状态信息的自由互助人与人类相互作用识别方法的认知能力。所检查的共同活动是稳定的，接近，离职的，握手的，高五，拥抱，踢（左腿），踢（右腿），指向（左手），指向（右手），拳打（左手），打孔（右手）和推动。我们探索并提出了一个自我发项的双向封盖复发性神经网络模型，以从时间序列数据中对13种人类到人类的相互作用类型进行分类。我们提出的模型可以识别两个主题对相互作用，最大基准精度为94％。这已经扩展了十对对象，该对象对围绕交互 - 转变区域的分类得到了改善，从而确保了88％的基准精度。同样，使用PYQT5 Python模块开发了可执行的图形用户界面（GUI），以实时显示总体相互交流识别过程。最后，我们简要地讨论了有关残障的可能解决方案，这些解决方案导致了研究期间观察到的缩减。这种Wi-Fi渠道扰动模式分析被认为是一种有效，经济和隐私友好的方法，可在相互的人际关系识别中用于室内活动监测，监视系统，智能健康监测系统和独立的辅助生活。

Covid-19 Pandemic是一个持续的全球大流行，这导致了公共卫生部门和全球经济中的前所未有的中断。病毒，SARS-COV-2负责冠状病毒病的快速传播。由于其传染性，病毒可以容易地感染不受保护和暴露的个体，从轻度到严重症状。对怀孕母亲和新生儿的病毒效应的研究现在是平民和公共卫生工作者在全球范围内的关于病毒如何影响母亲和新生儿健康的问题。本文旨在制定一种预测模型，以估算基于记录的症状的携带型患者死亡的可能性：呼吸困难，咳嗽，鼻子，关节痛和肺炎的诊断。我们研究中使用的机器学习模型是支持向量机，决策树，随机林，渐变升压和人工神经网络。该模型提供了令人印象深刻的结果，可以准确地预测给定输入的怀孕母亲的死亡率。3型号（ANN，渐变升压，随机林）的精度率为100％，最高精度得分（梯度提升，ANN）是95 ％，最高召回（支持向量机）为92.75％，最高F1得分（梯度提升，ANN）为94.66％。由于模型的准确性，怀孕的母亲可以基于其由于病毒而导致的可能性即时治疗。全球卫生工人可以利用该模型列出急诊患者，最终可以降低Covid-19诊断患者的死亡率。

由于缺乏自动注释系统，大多数发展城市的城市机构都是数字未标记的。因此，在此类城市中，位置和轨迹服务（例如Google Maps，Uber等）仍然不足。自然场景图像中的准确招牌检测是从此类城市街道检索无错误的信息的最重要任务。然而，开发准确的招牌本地化系统仍然是尚未解决的挑战，因为它的外观包括文本图像和令人困惑的背景。我们提出了一种新型的对象检测方法，该方法可以自动检测招牌，适合此类城市。我们通过合并两种专业预处理方法和一种运行时效高参数值选择算法来使用更快的基于R-CNN的定位。我们采用了一种增量方法，通过使用我们构造的SVSO（Street View Signboard对象）签名板数据集，通过详细评估和与基线进行比较，以达到最终提出的方法，这些方法包含六个发展中国家的自然场景图像。我们在SVSO数据集和Open Image数据集上展示了我们提出的方法的最新性能。我们提出的方法可以准确地检测招牌（即使图像包含多种形状和颜色的多种嘈杂背景的招牌）在SVSO独立测试集上达到0.90 MAP（平均平均精度）得分。我们的实施可在以下网址获得：https：//github.com/sadrultoaha/signboard-detection

Unsupervised learning-based anomaly detection in latent space has gained importance since discriminating anomalies from normal data becomes difficult in high-dimensional space. Both density estimation and distance-based methods to detect anomalies in latent space have been explored in the past. These methods prove that retaining valuable properties of input data in latent space helps in the better reconstruction of test data. Moreover, real-world sensor data is skewed and non-Gaussian in nature, making mean-based estimators unreliable for skewed data. Again, anomaly detection methods based on reconstruction error rely on Euclidean distance, which does not consider useful correlation information in the feature space and also fails to accurately reconstruct the data when it deviates from the training distribution. In this work, we address the limitations of reconstruction error-based autoencoders and propose a kernelized autoencoder that leverages a robust form of Mahalanobis distance (MD) to measure latent dimension correlation to effectively detect both near and far anomalies. This hybrid loss is aided by the principle of maximizing the mutual information gain between the latent dimension and the high-dimensional prior data space by maximizing the entropy of the latent space while preserving useful correlation information of the original data in the low-dimensional latent space. The multi-objective function has two goals -- it measures correlation information in the latent feature space in the form of robust MD distance and simultaneously tries to preserve useful correlation information from the original data space in the latent space by maximizing mutual information between the prior and latent space.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that connects physical computing devices, sensors, software, and other technologies. Data can be collected, transferred, and exchanged with other devices over the network without requiring human interactions. One challenge the development of IoT faces is the existence of anomaly data in the network. Therefore, research on anomaly detection in the IoT environment has become popular and necessary in recent years. This survey provides an overview to understand the current progress of the different anomaly detection algorithms and how they can be applied in the context of the Internet of Things. In this survey, we categorize the widely used anomaly detection machine learning and deep learning techniques in IoT into three types: clustering-based, classification-based, and deep learning based. For each category, we introduce some state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods and evaluate the advantages and limitations of each technique.

Pneumonia, a respiratory infection brought on by bacteria or viruses, affects a large number of people, especially in developing and impoverished countries where high levels of pollution, unclean living conditions, and overcrowding are frequently observed, along with insufficient medical infrastructure. Pleural effusion, a condition in which fluids fill the lung and complicate breathing, is brought on by pneumonia. Early detection of pneumonia is essential for ensuring curative care and boosting survival rates. The approach most usually used to diagnose pneumonia is chest X-ray imaging. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for the automatic diagnosis of bacterial and viral pneumonia in digital x-ray pictures. This article first presents the authors' technique, and then gives a comprehensive report on recent developments in the field of reliable diagnosis of pneumonia. In this study, here tuned a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network to classify plant diseases based on images and tested its performance. Deep learning architecture is compared empirically. VGG19, ResNet with 152v2, Resnext101, Seresnet152, Mobilenettv2, and DenseNet with 201 layers are among the architectures tested. Experiment data consists of two groups, sick and healthy X-ray pictures. To take appropriate action against plant diseases as soon as possible, rapid disease identification models are preferred. DenseNet201 has shown no overfitting or performance degradation in our experiments, and its accuracy tends to increase as the number of epochs increases. Further, DenseNet201 achieves state-of-the-art performance with a significantly a smaller number of parameters and within a reasonable computing time. This architecture outperforms the competition in terms of testing accuracy, scoring 95%. Each architecture was trained using Keras, using Theano as the backend.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in the world, and early DR detection is necessary to prevent vision loss and support an appropriate treatment. In this work, we leverage interactive machine learning and introduce a joint learning framework, termed DRG-Net, to effectively learn both disease grading and multi-lesion segmentation. Our DRG-Net consists of two modules: (i) DRG-AI-System to classify DR Grading, localize lesion areas, and provide visual explanations; (ii) DRG-Expert-Interaction to receive feedback from user-expert and improve the DRG-AI-System. To deal with sparse data, we utilize transfer learning mechanisms to extract invariant feature representations by using Wasserstein distance and adversarial learning-based entropy minimization. Besides, we propose a novel attention strategy at both low- and high-level features to automatically select the most significant lesion information and provide explainable properties. In terms of human interaction, we further develop DRG-Net as a tool that enables expert users to correct the system's predictions, which may then be used to update the system as a whole. Moreover, thanks to the attention mechanism and loss functions constraint between lesion features and classification features, our approach can be robust given a certain level of noise in the feedback of users. We have benchmarked DRG-Net on the two largest DR datasets, i.e., IDRID and FGADR, and compared it to various state-of-the-art deep learning networks. In addition to outperforming other SOTA approaches, DRG-Net is effectively updated using user feedback, even in a weakly-supervised manner.

The ability to distinguish between different movie scenes is critical for understanding the storyline of a movie. However, accurately detecting movie scenes is often challenging as it requires the ability to reason over very long movie segments. This is in contrast to most existing video recognition models, which are typically designed for short-range video analysis. This work proposes a State-Space Transformer model that can efficiently capture dependencies in long movie videos for accurate movie scene detection. Our model, dubbed TranS4mer, is built using a novel S4A building block, which combines the strengths of structured state-space sequence (S4) and self-attention (A) layers. Given a sequence of frames divided into movie shots (uninterrupted periods where the camera position does not change), the S4A block first applies self-attention to capture short-range intra-shot dependencies. Afterward, the state-space operation in the S4A block is used to aggregate long-range inter-shot cues. The final TranS4mer model, which can be trained end-to-end, is obtained by stacking the S4A blocks one after the other multiple times. Our proposed TranS4mer outperforms all prior methods in three movie scene detection datasets, including MovieNet, BBC, and OVSD, while also being $2\times$ faster and requiring $3\times$ less GPU memory than standard Transformer models. We will release our code and models.